Sexual Crimes in Conflict Database

A collection of relevant literature and case law

Showing 11 to 20 of 94 results.

  • Literature

    Tambiah, Yasmin - Sexuality and Women's Rights in Armed Conflict in Sri Lanka

    Year
    2004
    Issues
    Victims of Sexual Violence
    Country
    Sri Lanka
    Keywords
    Women Rights Sexual Violence Gender-Based Violence Human Rights Commercial Sex Workers Reproductive Rights Post-conflict

    Reference link
    http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1016/S0968-8080%2804%2923121-4?needAccess=true
    Full reference
    Yasmin Tambiah, “Sexuality and Women's Rights in Armed Conflict in Sri Lanka”, in Reproductive Health Matters, 2004, vol. 12, no. 23, pp. 78-87.
    Type of literature
    Journal Article
    Research focus
    Causality, Functionality and Logic of Conflict-related Sexual Violence

  • Jurisprudence judicial mechanism

    Iraqi High Tribunal - Saddam Hussein Al Majeed (“Saddam Hussein Al Majeed et al.”)

    Year
    2006
    Issues
    Socio-cultural Context of Sexual Violence
    Country
    Iraq
    Keywords
    Detention Centers Sexual Violence Use of Euphemistic Language Shame Rape/Sexual Violence in Prison

    Reference link
    http://www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/187
    Type of mechanism
    Domestic court
    Name of mechanism
    Iraqi High Tribunal (IHT)
    Name of accused
    Saddam Hussein Al Majeed
    Charges
    Hussein was indicted on 31 July 2005 for committing different charges of crimes against humanity, including torture and other inhumane acts (based on the Rome Statute provisions) under Article 12 of the IHT Statute, which seemed to include sexual violence as found in the factual findings in the Judgement.The indictment was based on the response of the President and his staff on the July 1982 event. In July 1982, a convoy carrying Saddam Hussein was fired upon by unknown individuals as it was visiting the town of Al Dujail. In response to what the President perceived as an assassination attempt but which did not injure anyone, a systematic attack was launched against the residents of Al Dujail as they were fired upon from aircraft and their property was destroyed. A Revolutionary Court sentenced 148 residents to death without trial for their alleged involvement in the assassination attempt. Of those that were hanged, the Tribunal identified a number of children. Countless others died in detention, as a result of torture at the hand of the Investigation Services, or from malnutrition, lack of access to medical care and poor hygienic conditions. Many rapes and other forms of sexual violence committed against women took place in detention.
    Trial chamber verdict
    On 5 November 2006, Saddam Hussein was convicted by the IHT. The conviction included torture and other inhumane acts as a crime against humanity, which encompassed several instances of rape and other forms of sexual violence. [it is not entirely clear how the sexual violence was ultimately convicted, but it seems under ‘torture’ and/or ‘other inhumane acts’ as a crime against humanity]
    sentencing
    Hussein received a death sentence by hanging.
    Status
    2715
    Case number
    1/C 1/2005

  • Jurisprudence judicial mechanism

    Court of Bosnia-Herzegovina (War Crimes Chamber) - Dragan Damjanovic

    Year
    2007
    Issues
    Sexual Violence as a Weapon of War
    Country
    Bosnia Herzegovina
    Keywords
    Rape Bosnian Muslim Population Sexual Violence

    Reference link
    http://www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/983
    Type of mechanism
    Domestic court
    Name of mechanism
    Court of Bosnia-Herzegovina (War Crimes Chamber)
    Name of accused
    Dragan Damjanovic
    Charges
    Damjanovic was charged (confirmed on 29 March 2006) with crimes against humanity, including rape and other forms of sexual violence of comparable gravity, committed between July 1992 and January 1993, during a widespread and systematic attack of the Republika Srpska Army directed against the Bosnian Muslims living in the Vogosca area, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
    Trial chamber verdict
    On 15 December 2006, the Trial Panel found Damjanovic guilty of crimes against humanity, including rape, including for breaking into the house of a married couple, in September 1992 together with two others, where they harassed and beat them. Damjanovic then raped the wife.
    sentencing
    Damjanovic was sentenced to 20 years’ imprisonment
    Appeals chamber verdict
    Conviction upheld on appeal on 13 June 2007.
    Status
    2715
    Case number
    X-KRZ-05/51

  • Jurisprudence judicial mechanism

    Court of Bosnia-Herzegovina (War Crimes Chamber) - Gojko Jankovic

    Year
    2007
    Issues
    Sexual Violence as a Weapon of War
    Country
    Bosnia Herzegovina
    Keywords
    Rape Sexual Slavery Sexual Violence Coercion

    Reference link
    http://www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/1027
    Type of mechanism
    Domestic court
    Name of mechanism
    Court of Bosnia-Herzegovina (War Crimes Chamber)
    Name of accused
    Gojko Jankovic
    Charges
    The Court of BiH confirmed the indictment against Jankovic on 20 February 2006 in which he was charged with crimes against humanity, including imprisonment, torture and rape (Articles 172(1) (e), (f) and (g) of the Criminal Code of BiH) under Article 180(1) of the Criminal Code of BiH (addressing individual and command responsibility criminal responsibility).
    Trial chamber verdict
    On 16 February 2007, the Trial Panel of the Court of BiH found Jankovic guilty of crimes against humanity, including rape. In pronouncing its verdict, the Trial Panel stated that in July 1992, Jankovic commanded a group of soldiers who attacked Muslim civilians hiding in the forest in the Kremnik hill. On several occasions between mid-June 1992 and January 1993, Jankovic raped female detainees and, together with Dragoljub Kunarac, he kept two of them in sexual slavery throughout this period.
    sentencing
    The Trial Judgment sentence of 34 years' imprisonment remained intact.
    Appeals chamber verdict
    On 23 October 2007, the Appellate Panel partially upheld the defense appeal, and modified the Trial Panel’s verdict in the legal qualification of the acts constituting crimes against humanity. It acquitted Jankovic of the charge that, on several occasions between 7 April and the end of May 1992, Jankovic and one more person raped or took part in the raping of protected witness E who lived in the municipality of Foca.
    Status
    2715
    Case number
    X-KRZ-05/191

  • Literature

    Johnson, Kirsten et al. - Association of Combatant Status...

    Year
    2008
    Issues
    Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes
    Country
    Liberia
    Keywords
    Sexual Violence Psychosocial Trauma Combatants/Non Combatants

    Reference link
    https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/182379
    Full reference
    Johnson, Kirsten et al., "Association of Combatant Status and Sexual Violence with Health and Mental Health Outcomes in Postconflict Liberia", in Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), 2008, vol. 300, no. 6, pp. 676-690.
    Type of literature
    Journal Article
    Research focus
    Causality, Functionality and Logic of Conflict-related Sexual Violence
    Author
    Johnson, Kirsten; Asher, Jana; Rosborough, Stephanie; Raja, Amisha; Panjabi, Rajesh; Beadling, Charles and Lawry, Lynn

  • Literature

    Kasumi, Nakagawa – Gender-Based Violence During the Khmer Rouge Regime

    Year
    2008
    Issues
    Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes Socio-cultural Context of Sexual Violence
    Country
    Cambodia
    Keywords
    Khmer Rouge Sexual Violence Gender Conflict-related Sexual Violence

    Reference link
    http://gbvkr.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Kasumi-GBV-Study-2007.pdf
    Full reference
    Nakagawa Kasumi, Gender-Based Violence During the Khmer Rouge Regime. Stories of Survivors from the Democratic Kampuchea (1975-1979) (2ed.), Phnom Penh, 2008.
    Type of literature
    Book
    Research focus
    Sexual Violence Data Collection

  • Jurisprudence judicial mechanism

    Court of Bosnia-Herzegovina (War Crimes Chamber) - Dusko Knezevic (“Mejakic et al.”)

    Year
    2009
    Issues
    Modes of Liability
    Country
    Bosnia Herzegovina
    Keywords
    Rape Sexual Violence Joint Criminal Enterprise (JCE) Persecution on Sexual Grounds Camp

    Reference link
    http://www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/1063
    Type of mechanism
    Domestic court
    Name of mechanism
    Court of Bosnia-Herzegovina (War Crimes Chamber)
    Name of accused
    Dusko Knezevic
    Charges
    Knezevic was indicted on 14 July 2006 (indictment confirmed) for charges of crimes against humanity, including sexual violence (rape and other forms of sexual abuse) (Article 172(g) of the Criminal Code of BiH), under Articles 29 (accomplice) and 180(1) (individual responsibility) of CC BiH. Knezevic participated in abuses and persecutions committed during the period from 30 April to the end of 1992 against the non-Serbs in the territory of the Prijedor municipality; about 7000 non-Serb civilians were subjected to capturing, taking to and arbitrary confinement at the Omarska and Keraterm camps, as part of the plan of permanent removal of the non-Serbs.
    Trial chamber verdict
    On 30 May 2008, the Trial Panel found Knezevic guilty of crimes against humanity, including sexual violence (rape and other forms of sexual abuse), under Article 180(1), for: “rape and other forms of sexual abuse of the detainees directly or personally committed by persons other than Dusko Knezevic but in furtherance of the described system of ill-treatment and persecution at the camp in which he participated, including witness K019 who was raped on numerous occasions by the camp guards; witness K027 who was sexually assaulted by the shift Commander Mlado Radic and in July 1992 by Nedeljko Grabovac; witness K040 who was sexually abused twice by camp guard Lugar.” These events related to the Omarska camp. In addition, Knezevic was also found guilty of sexual violence committed in Keraterm camp
    sentencing
    Knezevic was sentenced to 31 years’ imprisonment.
    Appeals chamber verdict
    On 16 February 2009, Knezevic's conviction and sentence was upheld on appeal. However, the mode of liability was changed from Article 180(1) to liability on the grounds of JCE.
    Status
    2715
    Case number
    X-KRŽ-06/200

  • Jurisprudence judicial mechanism

    Court of Bosnia-Herzegovina (War Crimes Chamber) - Stojan Perkovic

    Year
    2009
    Issues
    Modes of Liability
    Country
    Bosnia Herzegovina
    Keywords
    Forced Penetration Rape Sexual Threats Sexual Violence Command Responsibility Plea Agreement

    Reference link
    http://www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/1168
    Type of mechanism
    Domestic court
    Name of mechanism
    Court of Bosnia-Herzegovina (War Crimes Chamber)
    Name of accused
    Stojan Perkovic
    Charges
    Perkovic was charged on 20 April 2009 (confirmation indictment) with persecution as a crime against humanity, including rape (Article 172(1)(h) read together with subparagraph (g) of the Criminal Code of BiH), under Article 180(1) and (2) (individual and command criminal responsibility) of the Criminal Code of BiH, for crimes, including rape, committed against non-Serb civilians in the region of Rogatica Municipality. It was established, as laid out in the indictment, that in the period from summer until late 1992, Perkovic visited the village of Varosiste on several occasions, and by use of force and threats, forced a female person to sexual intercourse. Perkovic came armed in late evening hours to the house in which the female person was staying and threatened that he would kill her close family member unless she did what he asked her to do, and he vigorously pushed her forcing her to lie on the bed after which he would remove her lower pieces of clothes and rape her.
    Trial chamber verdict
    On 24 December 2009, the Trial Panel, following the plea agreement, in which Perkovic pleaded guilty to persecution as a crime against humanity, including rape.
    sentencing
    Perkovic was sentenced to 12 years’ imprisonment.
    Status
    2715
    Case number
    X-KR-09/662

  • Literature

    Valji, Nahla – Gender, Justice and Reconciliation

    Year
    2009
    Issues
    Achievements and Challenges of Sexual Violence Prosecution Victims of Sexual Violence

    Reference link
    http://www.springer.com/de/book/9783540857532
    Full reference
    Nahla Valji, “Gender Justice and Reconciliation”, in Kai Ambos, Judith Large, Marieke Wierda (eds.), Building a Future on Peace and Justice: Studies on Transitional Justice, Peace and Development-The Nuremberg Declaration on Peace and Justice, Springer, 2009.
    Type of literature
    Chapter in Book
    Research focus
    Inequality and Discrimination against Women during Armed Conflict, Women and the Armed Conflict, Causality, Functionality and Logic of Conflict-related Sexual Violence, Investigation, Prosecution and Prevention of Conflict related Sexual Violence

  • Literature

    Josse, Evelyne - "They Came with Two Guns": The Consequences of Sexual Violence for the Mental Health of Women in Armed Conflicts

    Year
    2010
    Issues
    Victims of Sexual Violence

    Reference link
    http://www.icrc.org/en/international-review/article/they-came-two-guns-consequences-sexual-violence-mental-health-women
    Full reference
    Evelyne Josse, “’They Came with Two Guns’: The Consequences of Sexual Violence for the Mental Health of Women in Armed Conflicts”, in International Review of the Red Cross, 2010, vol. 92, no. 877, pp. 177-195.
    Type of literature
    Journal Article
    Research focus
    Women and the Armed Conflict

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