Sexual Crimes in Conflict Database

A collection of relevant literature and case law

Showing 21 to 30 of 36 results.
  • Jurisprudence judicial mechanism

    SCSL - Augustine Gbao (Sesay et al. "RUF")

    Year
    2009
    Issues
    Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes Achievements and Challenges of Sexual Violence Prosecution
    Country
    Sierra Leone
    Keywords
    Sexual Slavery Forced Marriage AFRC RUF Lack of Consent Joint Criminal Enterprise (JCE) Rape

    Reference link
    http://www.rscsl.org/RUF.html
    Type of mechanism
    Hybrid court
    Name of mechanism
    Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL)
    Name of accused
    Augustine Gbao
    Charges
    - Rape as a crime against humanity under Article 6(1) (JCE) for the rapes committed in Koidu Town, Bumpeh, Tombodu, Penduma, Bomboafuidu, Sawao and Wendedu in Kono District.- Sexual slavery as a crime against humanity and other inhumane acts as crimes against humanity under Article 6(1) (JCE) for the crimes of sexual slavery and forced marriages committed in Koidu Town and Wendedu in Kono District and in locations in Kailahun District.- Outrages upon personal dignity as a violation of Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and of Additional Protocol II as war crimes under Article 6(1) (direct responsibility) (JCE) for the crimes of rapes, sexual slavery and forced marriages committed in Koidu Town, Bumpeh, Tombodu, Penduma, Bomboafuidu, Sawao and Wendedu in Kono District and in locations in Kailahun District.- Acts of terrorism as a violation of Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and of Additional Protocol II as war crimes under Article 6(1) (direct responsibility) (JCE) for sexual violence crimes committed in Kailahun District.
    Trial chamber verdict
    Gbao was found guilty by the Trial Chamber on 2 March 2009 of:- Rape as a crime against humanity - Sexual slavery as a crime against humanity and other inhumane acts as crimes against humanity - Outrages upon personal dignity as a violation of Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and of Additional Protocol II as war crimes - Acts of terrorism as a violation of Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and of Additional Protocol II as war crimes
    sentencing
    Gbao was sentenced to 25 years’ imprisonment on 26 October 2009.
    Appeals chamber verdict
    The convictions were upheld by the Appeals Chamber on 26 October 2009.
    Status
    2715
    Case number
    SCSL-04-15

  • Literature

    Mibenge, Chiseche S. - Investigating Outcomes of a Limited Gender Analysis of Enslavement...

    Year
    2010
    Issues
    Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes

    Reference link
    https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15423166.2010.213451362255
    Full reference
    Mibenge, Chiseche, "Investigating Outcomes of a Limited Gender Analysis of Enslavement in Post-conflict Justice Processes", in Journal of Peacebuilding & Development, 2010, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 34-46.
    Type of literature
    Journal Article
    Research focus
    Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes
    Author
    Mibenge, Chiseche S.

  • Jurisprudence judicial mechanism

    Court of Bosnia-Herzegovina (War Crimes Chamber) - Predrag Kujundzic

    Year
    2011
    Issues
    Sexual Violence against Children
    Country
    Bosnia Herzegovina
    Keywords
    Sexual Slavery Sexual Threats Rape, Physical and Mental Harm Sexual Violence, Persecution Sexual Abuse Rape/Sexual Violence in Detention Rape, Mistreatment

    Reference link
    http://www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/1042
    Type of mechanism
    Domestic court
    Name of mechanism
    Court of Bosnia-Herzegovina (War Crimes Chamber)
    Name of accused
    Predrag Kujundzic
    Charges
    Kujundzic was charged on 3 January 2008 (indictment confirmed) with persecution as a crime against humanity, including sexual violence (Article 172(1)(h) read with subparagraph (g) of the Criminal Code of BiH), under Article 180(1) and (2) (individual and command criminal responsibility) of the Criminal Code of BiH, during the period from spring 1992 until autumn 1993, directed against the non-Serb population of the Doboj municipality for coercing sexual slavery and rape of the non-Serb civilian population.
    Trial chamber verdict
    On 30 October 2009, the Trial Panel delivered the first-instance verdict by which Kujundzic was found guilty of persecution as a crime against humanity, including sexual violence under individual criminal responsibility. The Trial Panel held that on an unidentified day in June 1992, armed and accompanied by 4-5 members of his unit, Kujundzic came to the house of a certain woman and then raped her daughter who was underage at that time, and at the same time he incited one soldier to rape her mother. On the same day, at the same place, after he raped the minor female person, he told her that as of that day she would comply with all that he requested from her, or otherwise he would kill her mother and her younger sister. Thus during the period from June to December 1992, he forced her into sexual slavery, because by the use of force and threats he established the exclusive right to dispose of her, the control over her movement, the mental control and the control of her sexuality, by way of requesting her to do all that he ordered her. Using that position, he forced her once to read a statement at the Radio Doboj in which it was stated that Muslims were guilty of the war, that Muslims had killed her brother, and that she was inviting them to convert to Christianity. He ordered her to wear a chain with a cross pendant around her neck and to wear the Serb army camouflage uniform and a red beret on her head; he changed her Muslim name into a Serb name without any consent of hers or her parents, he acquired for her the identification documents in the Serb name, and requested her to always introduce herself by her Serb name. On 28 January 2011, the Court dispatched a second-instance verdict and found Kujundzic guilty of persecution as a crime against humanity, including sexual violence under individual criminal responsibility.
    sentencing
    Kujundzic was sentenced to 22 years’ imprisonment for the first instance verdict. He was also sentenced to 17 years’ imprisonment for the second instance charges (for some other charges, he was found not guilty and therefore the sentence was lowered).
    Status
    2715
    Case number
    X-KRŽ-07/442

  • Literature

    Merope, Sienna - Recharacterizing the Lubanga Case...

    Year
    2011
    Issues
    Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes
    Country
    Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
    Keywords
    Sexual Slavery Inhuman Treatment Prosecution Recharacterization

    Reference link
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10609-011-9143-3
    Full reference
    Merope, Sienna, "Recharacterizing the Lubanga Case: Regulation 55 and the Consequences for Gender Justice at the ICC", in Criminal Law Forum, 2011, vol. 22, pp.311-346.
    Type of literature
    Journal Article
    Research focus
    Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes
    Author
    Merope, Sienna
    Type of mechanism
    International Criminal Tribunal/Court
    Name of mechanism
    International Criminal Court

  • Literature

    Oosterveld, Valerie – Gender-Based Crimes against Humanity

    Year
    2011
    Issues
    Achievements and Challenges of Sexual Violence Prosecution Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes

    Reference link
    http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1885721
    Full reference
    Valerie Oosterveld, “Gender-Based Crimes against Humanity”, in Leila N. Sadat (ed.), Forging a Convention for Crimes against Humanity, Cambridge University Press, 2011, pp. 78-101.
    Type of literature
    Chapter in Book
    Research focus
    Investigation, Prosecution and Prevention of Conflict related Sexual Violence, Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes, Obstacles to Establish Accountability for Sexual Violence Crimes
    Author
    Oosterveld, Valerie

  • Literature

    Prescott, Jordan A. and Madsen, Adrian M. - Sexual Violence in Africa’s Conflict Zones

    Year
    2011
    Issues
    Achievements and Challenges of Sexual Violence Prosecution

    Reference link
    https://www.worldcat.org/title/sexual-violence-in-africas-conflict-zones/oclc/688559387
    Full reference
    Prescott, Jordan A. and Adrian M. Madsen, Sexual Violence in Africa’s Conflict Zones, Nova Science Publisher’s 2011.
    Type of literature
    Book
    Research focus
    Obstacles to Establish Accountability for Sexual Violence Crimes
    Author
    Prescott, Jordan A. and Madsen, Adrian M.

  • Literature

    Oosterveld, Valerie - Gender and the Charles Taylor Case...

    Year
    2012
    Issues
    Achievements and Challenges of Sexual Violence Prosecution Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes Modes of Liability
    Country
    Sierra Leone
    Keywords
    Sexual Slavery Forced Marriage Outrages upon Personal Dignity Responsibility Enslavement

    Reference link
    https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1110&context=lawpub
    Full reference
    Oosterveld, Valerie, "Gender and the Charles Taylor Case at the Special Court for Sierra Leone", in Wm. & Mary J. Women & L., 2012-2013, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 7-33.
    Type of literature
    Journal Article
    Research focus
    Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes
    Author
    Oosterveld, Valerie
    Type of mechanism
    Hybrid court
    Name of mechanism
    Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL)

  • Literature

    Doherty, Teresa - Jurisprudential Developments Relating to Sexual Violence...

    Year
    2013
    Country
    Sierra Leone
    Keywords
    Sexual Slavery Forced Marriage Rape Crimes Against Humanity

    Reference link
    https://intersentia.com/en/sexual-violence-as-an-international-crime-interdisciplinary-approaches.html
    Full reference
    Doherty, Teresa, "Jurisprudential Developments Relating to Sexual Violence: The Legacy of the Special Court for Sierra Leone", in Anne-Marie de Brouwer et al. (eds.), Sexual Violence as an International Crime: Interdisciplinary Approaches, Intersentia, Cambridge/Antwerp/Portland, 2013, pp. 157-172.
    Type of literature
    Journal Article
    Research focus
    Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes
    Author
    Doherty, Teresa
    Type of mechanism
    Hybrid court
    Name of mechanism
    Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL)

  • Literature

    Haenen, Iris - The Parameters of Enslavement...

    Year
    2013
    Issues
    Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes
    Country
    Sierra Leone
    Keywords
    Enslavement Sexual Slavery Forced Marriage Rape

    Reference link
    https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/1531745/ICLA_2013_final.pdf
    Full reference
    Haenen, Iris, The Parameters of Enslavement and the Act of Forced Marriage, in International Criminal Law Review, 2013, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 895-915.
    Type of literature
    Journal Article
    Research focus
    Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes
    Author
    Haenen, Iris
    Type of mechanism
    Hybrid court
    Name of mechanism
    Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL)

  • Literature

    Mibenge, Chiseche S. - Sex and International Tribunals...

    Year
    2013
    Issues
    Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes
    Country
    Rwanda, Sierra Leone
    Keywords
    Forced Marriage Sexual Slavery Impartiality Universality Prosecution Feminist Approach Mass Rape

    Reference link
    https://muse.jhu.edu/book/24977#info_wrap
    Full reference
    Mibenge, Chiseche Salome, Sex and International Tribunals: The Erasure of Gender from the War Narrative, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013.
    Type of literature
    Book
    Research focus
    Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes
    Author
    Mibenge, Chiseche S.
    Type of mechanism
    International Criminal Tribunal/Court, Truth Commission
    Name of mechanism
    International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), The Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL)

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