Sexual Crimes in Conflict Database
A collection of relevant literature and case law
Showing 1 to 10 of 15 results.
-
Literature
Carson, Julie K. and Carson, Brad R. - The Historical Roots and Future Directions for Military Law and Policies on Rape and Sexual Assault
- Year
- 2018
- Issues
- Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes Achievements and Challenges of Sexual Violence Prosecution Procedural Rules Advancing Sexual Violence Prosecutions Evidentiary Rules Regarding Sexual Violence Prosecutions
- Country
- United States of America
- Keywords
- Military Rape Law Military Perpetrator Sexual Assault/Attack/Abuse
- Reference link
- http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1037/mil0000180
- Full reference
- Julie K. Carson and Brad R. Carson, “The Historical Roots and Future Directions for Military Law and Policies on Rape and Sexual Assault”, in Military Psychology, 2018, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 181-192.
- Type of literature
- Journal Article
- Research focus
- Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes, Obstacles to Establish Accountability for Sexual Violence Crimes
-
Literature
Freedman, Rosa - UNaccountable: A New Approach to Peacekeepers and Sexual Abuse
- Year
- 2018
- Issues
- Achievements and Challenges of Sexual Violence Prosecution Sentencing and Reparations Evidentiary Rules Regarding Sexual Violence Prosecutions Procedural Rules Advancing Sexual Violence Prosecutions Role of Non-state Actors in Perpetrating Violence
- Reference link
- http://academic.oup.com/ejil/article/29/3/961/5165638
- Full reference
- Rosa Freedman, “UNaccountable: A New Approach to Peacekeepers and Sexual Abuse”, in European Journal of International Law, 2018, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 961-985.
- Type of literature
- Journal Article
- Research focus
- Perpetrators and Prevention, Investigation, Prosecution and Prevention of Conflict related Sexual Violence, Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes
-
Literature
Gurnham, David - Ched Evans, Rape Myths and Medusa's Gaze: A Story of Mirrors and Windows
- Year
- 2018
- Issues
- Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes
- Reference link
- http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-law-in-context/article/ched-evans-rape-myths-and-medusas-gaze-a-story-of-mirrors-and-windows/F7D175FFD9878B97DB112778FC6AAE61
- Full reference
- David Gurnham, “Ched Evans, Rape Myths and Medusa's Gaze: A Story of Mirrors and Windows”, in Interntaional Journal of Law in Context, 2018, Vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 454-468.
- Type of literature
- Journal Article
- Research focus
- Investigation, Prosecution and Prevention of Conflict related Sexual Violence
-
Jurisprudence judicial mechanism
ICTY - Vlastimir Dordevic (“Kosovo”)
- Year
- 2014
- Issues
- Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes
- Country
- Former Yugoslavia
- Keywords
- Sexual Assault/Attack/Abuse Joint Criminal Enterprise (JCE) Kosovo Albanian Civilians Partner Violence
- Reference link
- http://www.icty.org/cases/party/810/4
- Type of mechanism
- International Criminal Tribunal/Court
- Name of mechanism
- International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)
- Name of accused
- Vlastimir Dordevic
- Charges
- - Deportation as a crime against humanity and other inhumane acts (forcible transfer) as crimes against humanity under Article 7(1) and 7(3) for deliberately creating an atmosphere of fear and oppression through various crimes, including the sexual assaults of Kosovo Albanian women, in order to forcibly displace and deport Kosovo Albanian civilians. - Persecution as a crime against humanity under Article 7(1) for the sexual assaults of Witness K20, the other two women in Beleg, Witness K14, and the girl in a convoy.
- Trial chamber verdict
- Dordevic was found not guilty by the Trial Chamber on 23 February 2011 of: - Deportation as a crime against humanity and other inhumane acts (forcible transfer) as crimes against humanity - Persecution as a crime against humanity
- sentencing
- Dordevic was sentenced to 18 years’ imprisonment on 27 January 2014.
- Appeals chamber verdict
- The Appeals Chamber reversed on 27 January 2014 the Trial Chamber’s acquittal for persecution as a crime against humanity under Article 7(1) (under JCE III) for the sexual assaults of Witness K20, the other two women in Beleg, Witness K14, and the girl in a convoy, with Judge Güney and Judge Tuzmukhamedov dissenting in part.
- Status
- 2715
- Case number
- IT-05-87/1
-
Jurisprudence judicial mechanism
Superior Court, Criminal Division; Court of Appeal, Quebec - Desire Munyaneza
- Year
- 2014
- Issues
- Sexual Violence as a Weapon of War
- Country
- Canada
- Keywords
- Rape Sexual Assault/Attack/Abuse
- Reference link
- http://www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/1176
- Type of mechanism
- Domestic court
- Name of mechanism
- Superior Court, Criminal Division; Court of Appeal, Quebec
- Name of accused
- Desire Munyaneza
- Charges
- Munyaneza was charged (in October 2005) under Canada’s 2000 Crimes against Humanity and War Crimes Act for genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, which included sexual violence (at least explicitly for crimes against humanity and war crimes, although possibly also for genocide as ‘causing serious bodily or mental harm’).
- Trial chamber verdict
- On 22 May 2009, the Quebec Superior Court found Munyaneza guilty for the criminal offences of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes for abducting, raping, sexually assaulting, and killing Tutsis, and for pillaging of their properties.
- sentencing
- Munyaneza was sentenced to life imprisonment with no chance of parole for 25 years, which is the maximum sentence available in Canadian law.
- Appeals chamber verdict
- Following his conviction, Munyaneza appealed both the conviction and his sentence. One of his arguments was that the acts of murder, sexual violence and pillaging do not constitute war crimes according to international law that was in force in 1994, or, alternatively, according to Canadian law in force at the time. On 7 May 2014, the Quebec’s Court of Appeal rejected Munyaneza’s grounds of appeal and confirmed the first-instance verdict.
- Status
- 2715
- Case number
- 500-73-002500-052
-
Literature
Hagan, John et al. - “Reasonable Grounds” Evidence Involving Sexual Violence...
- Year
- 2013
- Issues
- Evidentiary Rules Regarding Sexual Violence Prosecutions
- Country
- Sudan
- Keywords
- Race Gender Violence Characteristic of Perpetrator Sexual Assault/Attack/Abuse
- Reference link
- https://works.bepress.com/todd_haugh/3/
- Full reference
- Hagan, John, Richard Brooks and Todd Haugh, "'Reasonable Grounds' Evidence Involving Sexual Violence in Darfur", in Anne-Marie de Brouwer et al. (eds.), Sexual Violence as an International Crime: Interdisciplinary Approaches, Intersentia, Cambridge/Antwerp/Portland, 2013, pp. 275-311.
- Type of literature
- Chapter in Book
- Research focus
- Investigation, Prosecution and Prevention of Conflict related Sexual Violence
- Author
- Hagan, John; Brooks, Richard and Haugh, Todd
-
Literature
Chu, Sandra K.H. et al. - Survivors of Sexual Violence in Conflict...
- Year
- 2011
- Issues
- Socio-cultural Context of Sexual Violence
- Reference link
- https://intersentia.com/en/victimological-approaches-to-international-crimes-africa.html
- Full reference
- Chu, Sandra Ka Hon, Anne-Marie de Brouwer and Renée Römkens, "Survivors of Sexual Violence in Conflict: Challenges in Prevention and International Criminal Prosecution", in Rianne Letschert et al. (eds.), Victimological Approaches to International Crimes: Africa, Intersentia, Cambridge/Antwerp/Portland, 2011, pp. 529-561.
- Type of literature
- Chapter in Book
- Research focus
- Obstacles to Establish Accountability for Sexual Violence Crimes
- Author
- Chu, Sandra K.H.; De Brouwer, Anne-Marie and Römkens, Renée
-
Jurisprudence judicial mechanism
Court of Bosnia-Herzegovina (War Crimes Chamber) - Zeljko Mejaki (“Mejakic et al.”)
- Year
- 2009
- Issues
- Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes Modes of Liability
- Country
- Bosnia Herzegovina
- Keywords
- Rape Joint Criminal Enterprise (JCE) Persecution on Sexual Grounds Sexual Assault/Attack/Abuse
- Reference link
- http://www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/1063
- Type of mechanism
- Domestic court
- Name of mechanism
- Court of Bosnia-Herzegovina (War Crimes Chamber)
- Name of accused
- Zeljko Mejakic
- Charges
- Mejakic was indicted on 14 July 2006 (indictment confirmed) for charges of crimes against humanity, including sexual violence (Article 172(g) of the Criminal Code of BiH), under Articles 29 (accomplice) and 180(1) and (2) (individual and command responsibility) of CC BiH. Mejakic participated in abuses and persecutions committed during the period from 30 April to the end of 1992 against the non-Serbs in the territory of the Prijedor municipality; about 7000 non-Serb civilians were subjected to capturing, taking to and arbitrary confinement at the Omarska and Keraterm camps, as part of the plan of permanent removal of the non-Serbs.
- Trial chamber verdict
- On 30 May 2008, the Trial Panel found Mejakic guilty of crimes against humanity, including sexual violence, under Article 180(1) and (2), for: “rapes and other forms of sexual abuse of detainees committed by persons over whom Zeljko Mejakic had effective control and which rapes and sexual abuse were committed in furtherance of the described system of ill-treatment and persecution at the camp in which he participated, including witness K019 who was sexually abused on numerous occasions by the camp guards; witness K027 who was sexually assaulted by the Shift Commander Mlado Radic and on another occasion in July 1992 by Nedeljko Grabovac; witness K040 who was sexually assaulted twice by camp guard Lugar.” All related to events in the Omarska camp.
- sentencing
- Mejakic was sentenced to 21 years’ imprisonment.
- Appeals chamber verdict
- On 16 February 2009, Mejakic’s conviction and sentence was upheld on appeal. However, the mode of liability was changed from Article 180(1) and (2) to liability on the grounds of JCE.
- Status
- 2715
- Case number
- X-KRZ-06/200
-
Literature
Mullins, Christopher W. - He Would Kill Me With His Penis
- Year
- 2009
- Issues
- Sexual Violence as a Weapon of War
- Country
- Rwanda
- Keywords
- Sexual Assault/Attack/Abuse Sexual Mutilation Survivor Genocide
- Reference link
- http://https//link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10612-008-9067-3
- Full reference
- Mullins, Christopher W., “'He Would Kill Me With His Penis': Genocidal Rape in Rwanda as a State Crime", 17 Critical Criminology, 2009, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 15-33.
- Type of literature
- Journal Article
- Research focus
- Causality, Functionality and Logic of Conflict-related Sexual Violence
- Author
- Mullins, Christopher W.
- Type of mechanism
- International Criminal Tribunal/Court
- Name of mechanism
- International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)
-
Jurisprudence judicial mechanism
ICTY - Dragan Zelenovic (“Foca”)
- Year
- 2007
- Issues
- Sexual Violence as a Weapon of War
- Country
- Former Yugoslavia
- Keywords
- Sexual Assault/Attack/Abuse Humiliating and Degrading Treatment Aiding and Abetting Co-perpetration
- Reference link
- http://www.icty.org/cases/party/794/4
- Type of mechanism
- International Criminal Tribunal/Court
- Name of mechanism
- International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)
- Name of accused
- Dragan Zelenovic
- Charges
- - Torture as a crime against humanity and rape as a crime against humanity under Article 7(1) for the rape of witness FWS-75 (aiding and abetting) and for raping Witness FWS-87 (committing). - Torture as a crime against humanity and rape as a crime against humanity under Article 7(1) for the rapes of witness FWS-87 and two unidentified women (co-perpetration) and for raping Witnesses FWS-75 and FWS-87 three times (committing). - Torture as a crime against humanity and rape as a crime against humanity under Article 7(1) for the rape of witness FWS-87 (committing).-Rape as a crime against humanity under Article 7(1) for the rapes of witness FWS-75 and two unidentified women (co-perpetration) and for raping Witness FWS-87 (committing).
- Trial chamber verdict
- Zelenovic entered a guilty plea to several counts in the indictment on 17 January 2007, which included several charges related to sexual violence. Zelenovic was therefore found guilty of: - (a) Torture as a crime against humanity and rape as a crime against humanity. - (b) Torture as a crime against humanity and rape as a crime against humanity. - (c) Torture as a crime against humanity and rape as a crime against humanity . - (d) Rape as a crime against humanity. Zelenovic was therefore found not guilty of: - Torture as a violation of the laws or customs of war as a war crime and rape as a violation of the laws or customs of war as a war crime under Article 7(1) for, inter alia, the crimes mentioned under (a) above. - Torture as a violation of the laws or customs of war as a war crime and rape as a violation of the laws or customs of war as a war crime under Article 7(1) for, inter alia, the crimes mentioned under (b) above. - Torture as a violation of the laws or customs of war as a war crime and rape as a violation of the laws or customs of war as a war crime under Article 7(1) for, inter alia, the crimes mentioned under (c) above. - Rape as a violation of the laws or customs of war as a war crime under Article 7(1) for, inter alia, the crimes mentioned under (d) above.
- sentencing
- Zelenovic was sentenced to 15 years’ imprisonment on 31 October 2007.
- Status
- 2715
- Case number
- IT-96-23/2
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