Sexual Crimes in Conflict Database
A collection of relevant literature and case law
Showing 1 to 10 of 115 results.
-
Literature
Zenovich, Jennifer A. and Cooks, Leda - A Feminist Postsocialist Approach to the Intercultural Communication of Rape at the ICTY
- Year
- 2018
- Issues
- Achievements and Challenges of Sexual Violence Prosecution Socio-cultural Context of Sexual Violence
- Country
- Former Yugoslavia
- Keywords
- Nationalism Feminism Rape Sexual Violence
- Reference link
- http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10510974.2018.1472118
- Full reference
- Jennifer A. Zenovich and Leda Cooks, “A Feminist Postsocialist Approach to the Intercultural Communication of Rape at the ICTY”, in Communication Studies, 2018, vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 404-420.
- Type of literature
- Journal Article
- Research focus
- Causality, Functionality and Logic of Conflict-related Sexual Violence, Impacts of Sexual Violence Crimes Prosecutions
-
Literature
Zarkov, Dubravka - The Body of the Other Man - Sexual Violence...
- Year
- 2001
- Issues
- Sexual Violence against Men
- Country
- Croatia, Serbia
- Keywords
- Rape Media Masculinity Castration Denial
- Reference link
- https://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/V/bo20852839.html
- Full reference
- Zarkov, Dubravka, "‘The Body of the Other Man' - Sexual Violence and the Construction of Masculinity, Sexuality and Ethnicity in the Croatian Media”, in C.O.N. Moser and F.C. Clark (eds.), Victims, Perpetrators or Actors? Gender, Armed Conflict and Political Violence, Zed Books, London/New York, 2001.
- Type of literature
- Chapter in Book
- Research focus
- Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes
- Author
- Zarkov, Dubravka
-
Literature
Wood, Elisabeth J. - Armed Groups and Sexual Violence...
- Year
- 2009
- Issues
- Socio-cultural Context of Sexual Violence Role of Non-state Actors in Perpetrating Violence
- Country
- Sri Lanka
- Keywords
- Rape Rape as a Weapon of War Gender-Based Violence Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) Sexual War Violence
- Reference link
- https://nobelwomensinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Wood_When_is_Wartime_Rape_Rare.pdf
- Full reference
- Wood, Elisabeth Jean, "Armed Groups and Sexual Violence: When is Wartime Rape Rare?", in Politics & Society, 2009, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 131-161.
- Type of literature
- Journal Article
- Research focus
- Perpetrators and Prevention
- Author
- Wood, Elisabeth J.
-
Literature
Ward, Jeanne and Marsh, Mendy - Sexual Violence against Women and Girls in War...
- Year
- 2006
- Issues
- Socio-cultural Context of Sexual Violence
- Country
- Former Yugoslavia, Rwanda
- Keywords
- Rape Torture Armed Conflict Media
- Reference link
- http://www.operationspaix.net/DATA/DOCUMENT/1045~v~Sexual_Violence_Against_Women_and_Girls_in_War_and_Its_Aftermath___Realities_Responses_and_Required_Resources.pdf
- Full reference
- Ward, Jeanne and Mendy Marsh, Sexual Violence against Women and Girls in War and its Aftermath: Realities, Responses and Required Resources, Briefing Paper, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), 2006.
- Type of literature
- Book
- Research focus
- Causality, Functionality and Logic of Conflict-related Sexual Violence
- Author
- Ward, Jeanne and Marsh, Mendy
-
Jurisprudence judicial mechanism
USA Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit - Steven D. Green (“Al-Mahmudiyah massacre”)
- Year
- 2011
- Issues
- Sexual Violence against Children
- Country
- United States of America
- Keywords
- Rape War Crimes Child Sex Abuse/Molestation Children under 15 Children in Armed Conflict Civilian Gang Rape
- Reference link
- http://www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/1197
- Type of mechanism
- Domestic court
- Name of mechanism
- USA Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
- Name of accused
- Steven D. Green
- Charges
- Green was charged with several crimes of murder and aggravated sexual abuse (of a child) under the Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act (MEJA).
- Trial chamber verdict
- On 7 May 2009, the jury found him guilty of rape and murder.
- sentencing
- Green received a life sentence without parole on 4 September 2009. he persuambly committed suicide and was found dead in his prison on 18 February 2014. [Of the four other soldiers involved in the crimes, three pleaded guilty in court-martial proceedings: Spc. James P. Barker and Sgt. Paul E. Cortez were sentenced to 90 and 100 years respectively, while Pfc. Bryan L. Howard, who had prior knowledge of the plans, was sentenced to 27 months in jail. The fourth, Pfc. Jesse V. Spielman, was convicted by a military jury and sentenced to 110 years.]
- Appeals chamber verdict
- The US Court of Appeals upheld his conviction on 16 August 2011.
- Status
- 2715
- Case number
- 09-6108/6123
-
Jurisprudence judicial mechanism
The Women's International War Crimes Tribunal for the Trial of Japan's Military Sexual Slavery, Japan – Comfort Women Case
- Country
- Japan
- Keywords
- Comfort Women Sexual Slavery Forced Prostitution Rape Sexual Violence against Girls Women Rights World War II
- Reference link
- http://www.asser.nl/upload/documents/DomCLIC/Docs/NLP/Japan/Comfort_Women_Judgement_04-12-2001_part_1.pdf
- Type of mechanism
- Military Tribunal
- Name of mechanism
- Women’s International Tribunal on Japanese Military Sexual Slavery
- Name of accused
- Emperor Hirohito Showa, Ando Rikichi, Hata Shunroku, Itagaki Seishiro, Kobayashi Seizo, Matsui Iwane, Umezu Yoshijiro, Terauchi Hisaichi, Tojo Hideki, Yamashita Tomoyuki, The Government of Japan
- Charges
- Participating, aiding and abetting of the Japanese army’s so called “comfort system”. This allegedly state-sanctioned system included mass sexual slavery and sexual violence/torture of hundreds of thousands of women and girls captured in occupied territories.
- Trial chamber verdict
- The Tribunal found that due to its widespread and organised structure, the “comfort system” was facilitating rape and sexual slavery of tens of thousands of girls and women and essentially qualified as state-sanctioned system of rape and enslavement. The Trial furthermore concluded that all elements of a crime against humanity had been fulfilled.The Tribunal found all nine high-ranking military and government officials, as well as Emperor Hirohito, guilty of rape and sexual slavery as crimes against humanity. Emperor Hirohito was also found guilty by way of his superior responsibility for mass rape committed at a Filipino village. The Tribunal furthermore found the Japanese government responsible for the harm inflicted by the “comfort system”.
- sentencing
- All accused were already dead by the time the trial was held.
- Status
- 2715
- Case number
- PT-2000-1-T
- Reparations / awards
- The Tribunal emphasised that while it has no power to enforce its judgment and consequently reparations and compensations, it does have moral authority, which should be enough to ensure enforcement by the national governments and the international community (paras. 1086-1088).
-
Jurisprudence judicial mechanism
The Extraordinary African Chambers - Hissène Habré
- Country
- Senegal
- Keywords
- Rape Crimes Against Humanity Article 25 of the Rome Statute Political Leaders Chad
- Reference link
- https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/supporting_resources/arret_integral.pdf
- Type of mechanism
- Hybrid court
- Name of mechanism
- The Extraordinary African Chambers
- Name of accused
- Hissène Habré
- sentencing
- Habre was sentenced to life imprisonment on 27 April 2017.
-
Literature
TRIAL International - Compensating Survivors in Criminal Proceedings
- Year
- 2016
- Issues
- Achievements and Challenges of Sexual Violence Prosecution Sentencing and Reparations Victims of Sexual Violence
- Country
- Bosnia Herzegovina
- Keywords
- Armed Conflict Rape Compensation Access to Justice Traumatization
- Reference link
- http://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/TRIAL-International_compensation-publication_EN_web.pdf
- Full reference
- Delbyck, Kyle, “Compensating Survivors in Criminal Proceedings: Perspectives from the Fields-A report by TRIAL International in Bosnia and Herzegovina”, available at trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/TRIAL-International_compensation-publication_EN_web.pdf, last accessed at 07 March 2019.
- Type of literature
- Grey Literature
- Research focus
- Sexual Violence Data Collection, Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes, Obstacles to Establish Accountability for Sexual Violence Crimes
-
Jurisprudence judicial mechanism
Superior Court, Criminal Division; Court of Appeal, Quebec - Desire Munyaneza
- Year
- 2014
- Issues
- Sexual Violence as a Weapon of War
- Country
- Canada
- Keywords
- Rape Sexual Assault/Attack/Abuse
- Reference link
- http://www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/1176
- Type of mechanism
- Domestic court
- Name of mechanism
- Superior Court, Criminal Division; Court of Appeal, Quebec
- Name of accused
- Desire Munyaneza
- Charges
- Munyaneza was charged (in October 2005) under Canada’s 2000 Crimes against Humanity and War Crimes Act for genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, which included sexual violence (at least explicitly for crimes against humanity and war crimes, although possibly also for genocide as ‘causing serious bodily or mental harm’).
- Trial chamber verdict
- On 22 May 2009, the Quebec Superior Court found Munyaneza guilty for the criminal offences of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes for abducting, raping, sexually assaulting, and killing Tutsis, and for pillaging of their properties.
- sentencing
- Munyaneza was sentenced to life imprisonment with no chance of parole for 25 years, which is the maximum sentence available in Canadian law.
- Appeals chamber verdict
- Following his conviction, Munyaneza appealed both the conviction and his sentence. One of his arguments was that the acts of murder, sexual violence and pillaging do not constitute war crimes according to international law that was in force in 1994, or, alternatively, according to Canadian law in force at the time. On 7 May 2014, the Quebec’s Court of Appeal rejected Munyaneza’s grounds of appeal and confirmed the first-instance verdict.
- Status
- 2715
- Case number
- 500-73-002500-052
-
Literature
Studzinsky, Silke - Neglected Crimes: The Challenge of Raising Sexual and Gender-Based Crimes...
- Year
- 2012
- Issues
- Achievements and Challenges of Sexual Violence Prosecution
- Country
- Cambodia
- Keywords
- Gender-Based Crimes Gender-Based Violence Rape Prosecution Forced Marriage
- Reference link
- https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230348615_4
- Full reference
- Studzinsky, Silke, "Neglected Crimes: The Challenge of Raising Sexual and Gender-Based Crimes before the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia", in Susanne Buckley-Zistel and Ruth Stanley (eds.), Gender in Transitional Justice, Palgrave Macmillan, 2012, pp. 88-112.
- Type of literature
- Journal Article
- Research focus
- Investigation, Prosecution and Prevention of Conflict related Sexual Violence
- Author
- Studzinsky, Silke
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