Sexual Crimes in Conflict Database
A collection of relevant literature and case law
Showing all 6 results.
-
Literature
Cohen, Dara K. and Nordas, Ragnhild - Do States Delegate Shameful Violence to Militias?
- Year
- 2015
- Issues
- Socio-cultural Context of Sexual Violence
- Reference link
- https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/wcfia/files/Cohen_StatesDelegate.pdf
- Full reference
- Cohen, Dara Kay and Ragnhild Nordås, "Do States Delegate Shameful Violence to Militias? Patterns of Sexual Violence in Recent Armed Conflicts", in Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2015, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 1-22.
- Type of literature
- Journal Article
- Research focus
- Perpetrators and Prevention
- Author
- Cohen, Dara K. and Nordas, Ragnhild
-
Jurisprudence judicial mechanism
Military Court in Bukavu - Bedi Mobuli Engangela
- Year
- 2014
- Country
- Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
- Keywords
- Witness Protection Gang Rape Militia
- Reference link
- https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=15436&LangID=E
- Type of mechanism
- Military Tribunal
- Name of mechanism
- Military Court in Bukavu
- Name of accused
- Bedi Mobuli Engangela
- Charges
- Engangela was charged with crimes against humanity, including rape and sexual slavery for crimes committed in eastern DRC between 2005 and 2007 during which period he had deserted to lead a militia that attacked several villages.
- Trial chamber verdict
- On 15 December 2014, the military court found Engangela guilty of crimes against humanity, including (gang) rape and sexual slavery. A total of 80 victims testified in this trial, of which 31 were victims of sexual violence.
- sentencing
- Engangela was sentenced to life imprisonment (for murder, he received life imprisonment; for rape 20 years’ imprisonment; for sexual slavery and other inhuman actions 15 years’ imprisonment).
- Status
- 2715
-
Literature
Eriksson Baaz, Maria and Stern, Maria - Making Sense of Violence...
- Year
- 2008
- Issues
- Socio-cultural Context of Sexual Violence
- Country
- Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
- Keywords
- Attack against a Civilian Population Stereotype Hatred Militia Soldiers
- Reference link
- https://faculty.polisci.wisc.edu/schatzberg/ps455/Baaz2008.pdf
- Full reference
- Baaz, Maria Eriksson and Maria Stern, "Making Sense of Violence: Voices of Soldiers in the Congo (DRC)", in The Journal of Modern African Studies, 2008, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 57-86.
- Type of literature
- Journal Article
- Research focus
- Perpetrators and Prevention
- Author
- Eriksson Baaz, Maria and Stern, Maria
-
Literature
Gallimore, Rangira B. - Militarism, Ethnicity and Sexual Violence...
- Year
- 2008
- Issues
- Socio-cultural Context of Sexual Violence
- Country
- Rwanda
- Keywords
- Rape Hutu Militia Masculinity Ethnicity
- Reference link
- http://www.agi.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/429/feminist_africa_journals/archive/10/fa_10_feature_article_1.pdf
- Full reference
- Gallimore, Rangira Béa, "Militarism, Ethnicity and Sexual Violence in the Rwandan Genocide", in Feminist Africa, 2008, vol. 10, pp. 9-29.
- Type of literature
- Journal Article
- Research focus
- Causality, Functionality and Logic of Conflict-related Sexual Violence
- Author
- Gallimore, Rangira B.
-
Jurisprudence judicial mechanism
SPSC in East Timor - Francisco Soaeres
- Year
- 2002
- Issues
- Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes
- Country
- East Timor
- Keywords
- Consent Threat of Rape Sexual Intercourse Physical Invasion Militia Rome Statute
- Reference link
- http://www.worldcourts.com/un_etta/eng/decisions/2002.09.12_Prosecutor_v_Soares.pdf
- Type of mechanism
- Hybrid court
- Name of mechanism
- Special Panels for Serious Crime Panels in East Timor (SPSC)
- Name of accused
- Francisco Soaeres
- Charges
- Soaeres was indicted on 15 May 2001 for one count of rape, but rape as a domestic offence on the basis of section 9 of UNTAET Regulation 2000/15 (‘For the purposes of the present regulation, the provisions of the applicable Penal Code in East Timor shall, as appropriate, apply’) and Article 285 of the Indonesian Penal Code (‘Any person who by using force or threat of force forces a woman to have sexual intercourse with him out of marriage, shall, being guilty of rape, be punished by a maximum imprisonment of twelve years’). Soaeres was held to have travelled, on the morning of 12 September 1999, to the 744 Battalion Base and took victim X with him in order to transport her to Dili. Instead of going there he took X to Useleo Beach, where he proceeded to have sexual intercourse with X twice and then returned her to the Base. The Defense raised the issue of consent, which the victim denied.
- Trial chamber verdict
- On 12 September 2002, the Special Panel for Serious Crimes convicted Soaeres of rape.
- sentencing
- On 12 September 2002, the Special Panel for Serious Crimes sentenced him to 4 years’ imprisonment.
- Status
- 2715
- Case number
- 14/2001
-
Jurisprudence judicial mechanism
ICTR - Omar Serushago
- Year
- 2000
- Issues
- Procedural Rules Advancing Sexual Violence Prosecutions
- Country
- Rwanda
- Keywords
- Tutsi Militia Plea Agreement Genocide Genocidal Rape
- Reference link
- http://unictr.unmict.org/en/cases/ictr-98-39
- Type of mechanism
- International Criminal Tribunal/Court
- Name of mechanism
- International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)
- Name of accused
- Omar Serushago
- Charges
- Serushago was charged with genocide and murder, extermination, torture and rape as crimes against humanity. With regard to rape as a crime against humanity he was charged under Article 6(3) (command responsibility) for: (i) the rape of a Tutsi victim at the Commune Rouge in Gisenyi by Bernard Munyagishari in the presence of Serushago at the end of April 1994; and (ii) between April and July 1994, subordinates of Serushago, including Damas, Michel and Migendo, raped or sexually assaulted Tutsi women with the knowledge of Serushago.
- Trial chamber verdict
- As Serushago pleaded guilty, the Trial Chamber found him guilty of genocide and murder, extermination and torture as crimes against humanity.
- sentencing
- Serushago received a sentence of 15 years’ imprisonment on 14 February 2000. He was granted early release on 13 December 2012.
- Appeals chamber verdict
- The Appeals Chamber dismissed both ground of Appeal (Failure to give due weight to the mitigating factors in his case Manifestly excessive sentence) and upheld the Trial Chamber's sentence.
- Status
- 2715
- Case number
- ICTR-98-39-T
This is free software. Created with LinkAhead
and Django. Licenced under AGPL version 3.0 (Sources).