Sexual Crimes in Conflict Database

A collection of relevant literature and case law

Showing 21 to 30 of 33 results.

  • Jurisprudence judicial mechanism

    ICTY - Simo Zaric (Simic et al. "Bosanski Samac")

    Year
    2003
    Issues
    Modes of Liability Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes
    Country
    Former Yugoslavia
    Keywords
    Forced Oral Sex Forced Nudity Urination Forced to watch Rape Joint Criminal Enterprise (JCE)

    Reference link
    http://www.icty.org/cases/party/781/4
    Type of mechanism
    International Criminal Tribunal/Court
    Name of mechanism
    International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)
    Name of accused
    Simo Zaric
    Charges
    - Persecution as a crime against humanity under Article 7(1) (aiding and abetting), which included sexual assaults of detainees (constituting torture) of non-Serb civilians in the municipality of Bosanski Samac.
    Trial chamber verdict
    Zaric was found guilty by the Trial Chamber on 17 October 2003 of:- Persecution as a crime against humanity. Judge Per-Johan Lindholm dissented from the Trial Chamber’s Judgement as to the mode of liability; according to the Judge, Zaric, like co-accused Simic, was liable under JCE I.
    sentencing
    Zaric was sentenced to 6 years’ imprisonment on 17 October 2003 by the Trial Chamber.
    Appeals chamber verdict
    Zaric did not appeal the Trial Chamber’s judgment.
    Status
    2715
    Case number
    IT-95-9

  • Jurisprudence judicial mechanism

    ICTY - Stojan Župljanin (“Stanišic & Župljanin”)

    Year
    2016
    Issues
    Sexual Violence as a Weapon of War
    Country
    Former Yugoslavia
    Keywords
    Camp Detention Centers Rape/Sexual Violence in Detention Bosnian Muslim Population Acquittal Joint Criminal Enterprise (JCE)

    Reference link
    http://www.icty.org/cases/party/783/4
    Type of mechanism
    International Criminal Tribunal/Court
    Name of mechanism
    International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)
    Name of accused
    Stojan Župljanin
    Charges
    - Persecution as a crime against humanity under Article 7(1) of Bosnian Muslim and Bosnian Croat populations, which included sexual violence committed in detention facilities.- Torture as a violation of the laws or customs of war as a war crime under Article 7(1) for subjecting Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian Croats in camps, police stations, military barracks and other detention facilities to various crimes, including sexual violence.- Torture as a crime against humanity, cruel treatment as a violation of the laws or customs of war as a war crime and inhumane acts as a crime against humanity under Article 7(1) for subjecting Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian Croats in camps, police stations, military barracks and other detention facilities to various crimes, including sexual violence (similar as above under ‘torture’).
    Trial chamber verdict
    Župljain was found guilty by the Trial Chamber on 27 March 2013 of: - Persecution as a crime against humanity - Torture as a violation of the laws or customs of war as a war crime Župljain was found not guilty of (in light of the cumulative convictions principles): - Torture as a crime against humanity, cruel treatment as a violation of the laws or customs of war as a war crime and inhumane acts as a crime against humanity (similar as above under ‘torture’).
    sentencing
    Župljain was sentenced to 22 years’ imprisonment on 30 June 2016.
    Appeals chamber verdict
    The Appeals Chamber confirmed the Trial Chamber's judgment on 30 June 2016.
    Status
    2715
    Case number
    IT-08-91

  • Jurisprudence judicial mechanism

    ICTY - Valentin Coric (“Prlic et al.”)

    Year
    2017
    Issues
    Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes
    Country
    Former Yugoslavia
    Keywords
    HVO Soldiers Joint Criminal Enterprise (JCE)

    Reference link
    http://www.icty.org/cases/party/766/4
    Type of mechanism
    International Criminal Tribunal/Court
    Name of mechanism
    International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)
    Name of accused
    Valentin Coric
    Charges
    - Persecution as a crime against humanity, rape as a crime against humanity and inhuman treatment (sexual assault) as a grave breach of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 as a war crime under Article 7(1) (JCE) for various sexual violence crimes.
    Trial chamber verdict
    Coric was found guilty by the Trial Chamber on 29 May 2013 of: - Persecution as a crime against humanity, rape as a crime against humanity and inhuman treatment (sexual assault) as a grave breach of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 as a war crime.
    sentencing
    Coric was sentenced to 16 years’ imprisonment by the Trial Chamber and this was reaffirmed by the Appeals Chamber on 29 November 2017.
    Appeals chamber verdict
    On 29th November 2017, the Appeals Chamber in its judgment granted Coric’s appeal in part, although it affirmed the sentence of 16 years' imprisonment against him.
    Status
    2715
    Case number
    IT-04-74

  • Jurisprudence judicial mechanism

    ICTY - Vlastimir Dordevic (“Kosovo”)

    Year
    2014
    Issues
    Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes
    Country
    Former Yugoslavia
    Keywords
    Sexual Assault/Attack/Abuse Joint Criminal Enterprise (JCE) Kosovo Albanian Civilians Partner Violence

    Reference link
    http://www.icty.org/cases/party/810/4
    Type of mechanism
    International Criminal Tribunal/Court
    Name of mechanism
    International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)
    Name of accused
    Vlastimir Dordevic
    Charges
    - Deportation as a crime against humanity and other inhumane acts (forcible transfer) as crimes against humanity under Article 7(1) and 7(3) for deliberately creating an atmosphere of fear and oppression through various crimes, including the sexual assaults of Kosovo Albanian women, in order to forcibly displace and deport Kosovo Albanian civilians. - Persecution as a crime against humanity under Article 7(1) for the sexual assaults of Witness K20, the other two women in Beleg, Witness K14, and the girl in a convoy.
    Trial chamber verdict
    Dordevic was found not guilty by the Trial Chamber on 23 February 2011 of: - Deportation as a crime against humanity and other inhumane acts (forcible transfer) as crimes against humanity - Persecution as a crime against humanity
    sentencing
    Dordevic was sentenced to 18 years’ imprisonment on 27 January 2014.
    Appeals chamber verdict
    The Appeals Chamber reversed on 27 January 2014 the Trial Chamber’s acquittal for persecution as a crime against humanity under Article 7(1) (under JCE III) for the sexual assaults of Witness K20, the other two women in Beleg, Witness K14, and the girl in a convoy, with Judge Güney and Judge Tuzmukhamedov dissenting in part.
    Status
    2715
    Case number
    IT-05-87/1

  • Jurisprudence judicial mechanism

    Iraqi High Tribunal - Abdullah Kadhim Ruwayid (“Saddam Hussein Al Majeed et al.”)

    Year
    2006
    Issues
    Socio-cultural Context of Sexual Violence
    Country
    Iraq
    Keywords
    Aiding and Abetting Joint Criminal Enterprise (JCE) Detention Centers Rape/Sexual Violence in Detention Shame Use of Euphemistic Language

    Reference link
    http://www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/187
    Type of mechanism
    Domestic court
    Name of mechanism
    Iraqi High Tribunal (IHT)
    Name of accused
    Abdullah Kadhim Ruwayid
    Charges
    Ruwayid was indicted on 31 July 2005 for different charges of crimes against humanity, including torture (based on the Rome Statute provision) by aiding and abetting the senior defendants’ (Hussein, Hassan and Ramadan) joint criminal enterprise, which seemed to include sexual violence as found in the factual findings in the Judgement.The indictment was based on the response of the President and his staff on the July 1982 event. In July 1982, a convoy carrying Saddam Hussein was fired upon by unknown individuals as it was visiting the town of Al Dujail. In response to what the President perceived as an assassination attempt but which did not injure anyone, a systematic attack was launched against the residents of Al Dujail as they were fired upon from aircraft and their property was destroyed. A Revolutionary Court sentenced 148 residents to death without trial for their alleged involvement in the assassination attempt. Of those that were hanged, the Tribunal identified a number of children. Countless others died in detention, as a result of torture at the hand of the Investigation Services, or from malnutrition, lack of access to medical care and poor hygienic conditions. Many rapes and other forms of sexual violence committed against women took place in detention.
    Trial chamber verdict
    On 5 November 2006, Ruwayid was convicted. The conviction included torture as a crime against humanity, which encompassed several instances of rape and other forms of sexual violence. [it is not entirely clear how the sexual violence was ultimately convicted, but it seems under ‘torture’ as a crime against humanity]
    sentencing
    Abdullah Ruwayid received a sentence of 15 years’ imprisonment.
    Status
    2715
    Case number
    1/E First/2005

  • Jurisprudence judicial mechanism

    Iraqi High Tribunal - Ali Dayeh Ali (“Saddam Hussein Al Majeed et al.”)

    Year
    2006
    Issues
    Socio-cultural Context of Sexual Violence
    Country
    Iraq
    Keywords
    Aiding and Abetting Joint Criminal Enterprise (JCE) Detention Centers Rape/Sexual Violence in Detention Shame Use of Euphemistic Language

    Reference link
    http://www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/187
    Type of mechanism
    Domestic court
    Name of mechanism
    Iraqi High Tribunal (IHT)
    Name of accused
    Ali Dayeh Ali
    Charges
    Ali was indicted (on 31 July 2005) for different charges of crimes against humanity, including torture (based on the Rome Statute provision) by aiding and abetting the senior defendants’ (Hussein, Hassan and Ramadan) joint criminal enterprise, which seemed to include sexual violence as found in the factual findings in the Judgement.The indictment was based on the response of the President and his staff on the July 1982 event. In July 1982, a convoy carrying Saddam Hussein was fired upon by unknown individuals as it was visiting the town of Al Dujail. In response to what the President perceived as an assassination attempt but which did not injure anyone, a systematic attack was launched against the residents of Al Dujail as they were fired upon from aircraft and their property was destroyed. A Revolutionary Court sentenced 148 residents to death without trial for their alleged involvement in the assassination attempt. Of those that were hanged, the Tribunal identified a number of children. Countless others died in detention, as a result of torture at the hand of the Investigation Services, or from malnutrition, lack of access to medical care and poor hygienic conditions. Many rapes and other forms of sexual violence committed against women took place in detention.
    Trial chamber verdict
    On 5 November 2006, Ali was convicted. The conviction included torture as a crime against humanity, which encompassed several instances of rape and other forms of sexual violence. [it is not entirely clear how the sexual violence was ultimately convicted, but it seems under ‘torture’ as a crime against humanity]
    sentencing
    Ali received a sentence of 15 years’ imprisonment.
    Status
    2715
    Case number
    1/E First/2005

  • Jurisprudence judicial mechanism

    Iraqi High Tribunal - Barazan Ibrahim Hassan (“Saddam Hussein Al Majeed et al.”)

    Year
    2006
    Issues
    Socio-cultural Context of Sexual Violence
    Country
    Iraq
    Keywords
    Detention Centers Rape/Sexual Violence in Detention Use of Euphemistic Language Shame Joint Criminal Enterprise (JCE)

    Reference link
    http://www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/187
    Type of mechanism
    Domestic court
    Name of mechanism
    Iraqi High Tribunal (IHT)
    Name of accused
    Barazan Ibrahim Hassan
    Charges
    Hassan was indicted on 31 July 2005 for committing (via a JCE) different charges of crimes against humanity, including torture and other inhumane acts (based on the Rome Statute provisions) under Article 12 of the IHT Statute, which seemed to include sexual violence as found in the factual findings in the Judgement.The indictment was based on the response of the President and his staff on the July 1982 event. In July 1982, a convoy carrying Saddam Hussein was fired upon by unknown individuals as it was visiting the town of Al Dujail. In response to what the President perceived as an assassination attempt but which did not injure anyone, a systematic attack was launched against the residents of Al Dujail as they were fired upon from aircraft and their property was destroyed. A Revolutionary Court sentenced 148 residents to death without trial for their alleged involvement in the assassination attempt. Of those that were hanged, the Tribunal identified a number of children. Countless others died in detention, as a result of torture at the hand of the Investigation Services, or from malnutrition, lack of access to medical care and poor hygienic conditions. Many rapes and other forms of sexual violence committed against women took place in detention.
    Trial chamber verdict
    On 5 November 2006, Hassan was convicted by the IHT. The conviction included torture and other inhumane acts as a crime against humanity, which encompassed several instances of rape and other forms of sexual violence. [it is not entirely clear how the sexual violence was ultimately convicted, but it seems under ‘torture’ and/or ‘other inhumane acts’ as a crime against humanity].
    sentencing
    Hassan received a death sentence by hanging.
    Status
    2715
    Findings
    Case number
    1/E First/2005

  • Jurisprudence judicial mechanism

    Iraqi High Tribunal - Mizher Abdullah Kadhim Ruwayid (“Saddam Hussein Al Majeed et al.”)

    Year
    2006
    Issues
    Socio-cultural Context of Sexual Violence
    Country
    Iraq
    Keywords
    Aiding and Abetting Joint Criminal Enterprise (JCE) Detention Centers Rape/Sexual Violence in Detention Shame Use of Euphemistic Language

    Reference link
    http://www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/187
    Type of mechanism
    Domestic court
    Name of mechanism
    Iraqi High Tribunal (IHT)
    Name of accused
    Mizher Abdullah Kadhim Ruwayid
    Charges
    Ruwayid was indicted on 31 July 2005 for different charges of crimes against humanity, including torture (based on the Rome Statute provision) by aiding and abetting the senior defendants’ (Hussein, Hassan and Ramadan) joint criminal enterprise, which seemed to include sexual violence as found in the factual findings in the Judgement.The indictment was based on the response of the President and his staff on the July 1982 event. In July 1982, a convoy carrying Saddam Hussein was fired upon by unknown individuals as it was visiting the town of Al Dujail. In response to what the President perceived as an assassination attempt but which did not injure anyone, a systematic attack was launched against the residents of Al Dujail as they were fired upon from aircraft and their property was destroyed. A Revolutionary Court sentenced 148 residents to death without trial for their alleged involvement in the assassination attempt. Of those that were hanged, the Tribunal identified a number of children. Countless others died in detention, as a result of torture at the hand of the Investigation Services, or from malnutrition, lack of access to medical care and poor hygienic conditions. Many rapes and other forms of sexual violence committed against women took place in detention.
    Trial chamber verdict
    On 5 November 2006, Ruwayid was convicted. The conviction included torture as a crime against humanity, which encompassed several instances of rape and other forms of sexual violence. [it is not entirely clear how the sexual violence was ultimately convicted, but it seems under ‘torture’ as a crime against humanity]
    sentencing
    Mizher Ruwayid received a sentence of 15 years’ imprisonment.
    Status
    2715
    Case number
    1/E First/2005

  • Jurisprudence judicial mechanism

    Iraqi High Tribunal - Taha Yassin Ramadan (“Saddam Hussein Al Majeed et al.”)

    Year
    2006
    Issues
    Socio-cultural Context of Sexual Violence
    Country
    Iraq
    Keywords
    Detention Centers Rape/Sexual Violence in Detention Joint Criminal Enterprise (JCE) Use of Euphemistic Language Shame

    Reference link
    http://www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/187
    Type of mechanism
    Domestic court
    Name of mechanism
    Iraqi High Tribunal (IHT)
    Name of accused
    Taha Yassin Ramadan
    Charges
    Ramadan was indicted on 31 July 2005 for committing (via a JCE) different charges of crimes against humanity, including torture and other inhumane acts (based on the Rome Statute provisions) under Article 12 of the IHT Statute, which seemed to include sexual violence as found in the factual findings in the Judgement.The indictment was based on the response of the President and his staff on the July 1982 event. In July 1982, a convoy carrying Saddam Hussein was fired upon by unknown individuals as it was visiting the town of Al Dujail. In response to what the President perceived as an assassination attempt but which did not injure anyone, a systematic attack was launched against the residents of Al Dujail as they were fired upon from aircraft and their property was destroyed. A Revolutionary Court sentenced 148 residents to death without trial for their alleged involvement in the assassination attempt. Of those that were hanged, the Tribunal identified a number of children. Countless others died in detention, as a result of torture at the hand of the Investigation Services, or from malnutrition, lack of access to medical care and poor hygienic conditions. Many rapes and other forms of sexual violence committed against women took place in detention.
    Trial chamber verdict
    On 5 November 2006, Ramadan was convicted by the IHT. The conviction included torture and other inhumane acts as a crime against humanity, which encompassed several instances of rape and other forms of sexual violence. [it is not entirely clear how the sexual violence was ultimately convicted, but it seems under ‘torture’ and/or ‘other inhumane acts’ as a crime against humanity]
    sentencing
    Ramadan received a death sentence by hanging.
    Status
    2715
    Case number
    1/E First/2005

  • Literature

    Jarvis, Michelle and Martin Salgado, Elena - Future Challenges to Prosecuting Sexual Violence...

    Year
    2013
    Issues
    Modes of Liability
    Country
    Former Yugoslavia
    Keywords
    Rape Responsibility Joint Criminal Enterprise (JCE) Camp Prosecution

    Reference link
    https://intersentia.com/en/sexual-violence-as-an-international-crime-interdisciplinary-approaches.html
    Full reference
    Jarvis, Michelle and Elena Martin Salgado, "Future Challenges to Prosecuting Sexual Violence under International Law: Insights from ICTY Practice", in Anne-Marie de Brouwer et al. (eds.), Sexual Violence as an International Crime: Interdisciplinary Approaches, Intersentia, Cambridge/Antwerp/Portland, 2013, pp. 101-122.
    Type of literature
    Journal Article
    Research focus
    Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes
    Author
    Jarvis, Michelle and Martin Salgado, Elena
    Type of mechanism
    International Criminal Tribunal/Court
    Name of mechanism
    International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)

This is free software. Created with LinkAhead and Django. Licenced under AGPL version 3.0 (Sources).