Sexual Crimes in Conflict Database
A collection of relevant literature and case law
Showing 21 to 30 of 37 results.
-
Literature
Green, Llezlie L. - Gender Hate Propaganda and Sexual Violence...
- Year
- 2002
- Issues
- Socio-cultural Context of Sexual Violence
- Country
- Rwanda
- Keywords
- Media Racist Propaganda Genocide
- Reference link
- https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2272193
- Full reference
- Green, Llezlie L., "Gender Hate Propaganda and Sexual Violence in the Rwandan Genocide: An Argument for Intersectionality in International Law", in Columbia Human Rights Law Review, 2002, vol. 33, no. 733, pp. 733-776.
- Type of literature
- Journal Article
- Research focus
- Causality, Functionality and Logic of Conflict-related Sexual Violence
- Author
- Green, Llezlie L.
- Type of mechanism
- International Criminal Tribunal/Court
- Name of mechanism
- International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)
-
Literature
Jones, Adam - Gender and Genocide in Rwanda
- Year
- 2002
- Issues
- Sexual Violence against Men
- Country
- Rwanda
- Keywords
- Genocide Survivor Killings Human Rights Work Gender-inclusive Approach
- Reference link
- https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Adam_Jones47/publication/240532565_Gender_and_Genocide_in_Rwanda/links/5a691b5ea6fdcccd01a19a35/Gender-and-Genocide-in-Rwanda.pdf
- Full reference
- Jones, Adam, "Gender and Genocide in Rwanda", in Journal of Genocide Research, 2002, vol 4, no. 1, pp. 65-94.
- Type of literature
- Journal Article
- Research focus
- Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes
- Author
- Jones, Adam
-
Literature
Kalra, Monika S. - Forced Marriage: Rwanda’s Secret Revealed...
- Year
- 2001
- Issues
- Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes
- Country
- Rwanda
- Keywords
- Forced Marriage Genocide Prosecution Investigation
- Reference link
- https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/ucdl7&div=12&id=&page=
- Full reference
- Kalra, Monika Satya, "Forced Marriage: Rwanda’s Secret Revealed", in U.C. Davis Journal of International Law and Policy, 2001, vo. 7, pp. 197-221.
- Type of literature
- Journal Article
- Research focus
- Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes
- Author
- Kalra, Monika S.
- Type of mechanism
- International Criminal Tribunal/Court
- Name of mechanism
- International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)
-
Literature
Lyons, Margaret A. - Hearing the Cry without Answering the Call...
- Year
- 2001
- Issues
- Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes
- Country
- Rwanda, Former Yugoslavia
- Keywords
- Akayesu Genocide Soldiers Prosecution
- Reference link
- https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/sjilc28&div=7&id=&page=
- Full reference
- Lyons, Margaret A., "Hearing the Cry without Answering the Call: Rape, Genocide, and the Rwandan Tribunal", in Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce, 2001, vol. 28, pp. 99-124.
- Type of literature
- Journal Article
- Research focus
- Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes
- Author
- Lyons, Margaret A.
- Type of mechanism
- International Criminal Tribunal/Court
- Name of mechanism
- International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)
-
Jurisprudence judicial mechanism
ICTR - Omar Serushago
- Year
- 2000
- Issues
- Procedural Rules Advancing Sexual Violence Prosecutions
- Country
- Rwanda
- Keywords
- Tutsi Militia Plea Agreement Genocide Genocidal Rape
- Reference link
- http://unictr.unmict.org/en/cases/ictr-98-39
- Type of mechanism
- International Criminal Tribunal/Court
- Name of mechanism
- International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)
- Name of accused
- Omar Serushago
- Charges
- Serushago was charged with genocide and murder, extermination, torture and rape as crimes against humanity. With regard to rape as a crime against humanity he was charged under Article 6(3) (command responsibility) for: (i) the rape of a Tutsi victim at the Commune Rouge in Gisenyi by Bernard Munyagishari in the presence of Serushago at the end of April 1994; and (ii) between April and July 1994, subordinates of Serushago, including Damas, Michel and Migendo, raped or sexually assaulted Tutsi women with the knowledge of Serushago.
- Trial chamber verdict
- As Serushago pleaded guilty, the Trial Chamber found him guilty of genocide and murder, extermination and torture as crimes against humanity.
- sentencing
- Serushago received a sentence of 15 years’ imprisonment on 14 February 2000. He was granted early release on 13 December 2012.
- Appeals chamber verdict
- The Appeals Chamber dismissed both ground of Appeal (Failure to give due weight to the mitigating factors in his case Manifestly excessive sentence) and upheld the Trial Chamber's sentence.
- Status
- 2715
- Case number
- ICTR-98-39-T
-
Jurisprudence judicial mechanism
Conseil de Guerre de la République Rwandaise (Military Tribunal), Chambre Spécialisée, Kigali - Anaclet Rwahama
- Reference link
- http://www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/1181/Anaclet/
- Type of mechanism
- Military Tribunal
- Name of mechanism
- Conseil de Guerre de la République Rwandaise (Military Tribunal), Chambre Spécialisée, Kigali
- Name of accused
- Anaclet Rwahama
- Charges
- Rwahama was accused of participating in and leading attacks by Interahamwe militias at Kicukiro in Kigali that killed minority Tutsi and moderate Hutu and for raping several Tutsi women, including a 13-year-old girl.The sexual violence conviction seems to be based on the Rwandan Criminal Code and the Organic Law of 1996, which prohibited international crimes, including sexual torture (“Avoir commis des actes de torture sexuelle et violé des femmes Tutsi, infractions prévues et réprimées par l’article 360, 2ème et 3ème du Code pénal rwandais et par la Loi Organique du 30/08/96 en son article 2a et 14a”).
- Trial chamber verdict
- On 24 November 1998 he was found guilty of genocide, rape, breaking into homes and non-assistance to people in danger in Kicukiro, Kigali, between April and July 1994.
- sentencing
- Rwahama was sentenced to death.
- Status
- 2715
- Case number
- 18
-
Literature
African Rights - Rwanda – Not So Innocent: When Women Become Killers
- Year
- 1995
- Issues
- Female Perpetrators of Sexual Violence
- Country
- Rwanda
- Keywords
- Genocide Genocidal Rape Sexual Violence as Genocide
- Reference link
- https://www.scribd.com/document/21263653/Rwanda-Not-so-Innocent-When-Womens-Became-Killers-Africa-Rights-August-1995
- Full reference
- African Rights, Rwanda – Not So Innocent: When Women Become Killers, African Rights, London, 1995.
- Type of literature
- Grey Literature
- Research focus
- Perpetrators and Prevention
- Author
- African Rights
- Type of mechanism
- International Criminal Tribunal/Court
- Name of mechanism
- International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)
-
Literature
Aydelott, Danise - Mass Rape During War...
- Year
- 1993
- Issues
- Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes
- Country
- Bosnia Herzegovina
- Keywords
- Rape as a Weapon of War Mass Rape Genocide International Criminal Law War Crimes
- Reference link
- https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/emint7&div=24&id=&page=
- Full reference
- Aydelott, Danise, "Mass Rape During War: Prosecuting Bosnian Rapists Under International Law", in Emory International Law Review, 1993, vol. 7, pp. 585-631.
- Type of literature
- Journal Article
- Research focus
- Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes
- Author
- Aydelott, Danise
-
Literature
Goldstein, Anne T. - Recognizing Forced Impregnation as a War Crime...
- Year
- 1993
- Issues
- Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes
- Reference link
- https://www.worldcat.org/title/recognizing-forced-impregnation-as-a-war-crime-under-international-law-a-special-report-of-the-international-program/oclc/32804993?referer=di&ht=edition
- Full reference
- Goldstein, Anne T., Recognizing Forced Impregnation as a War Crime Under International Law, The Center for Reproductive Law and Policy, 1993.
- Type of literature
- Book
- Research focus
- Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes
- Author
- Goldstein, Anne T.
-
Jurisprudence judicial mechanism
ICTR - Aloys Ntabakuze (Bagasora et al. “Military I”)
- Issues
- Modes of Liability
- Country
- Rwanda
- Keywords
- Acquittal Command Responsibility Crimes Against Humanity Genocide Sexual Violence Tutsi War Crimes Rape as Crime Against Humanity
- Reference link
- Click here
- Type of mechanism
- International Criminal Tribunal/Court
- Name of mechanism
- International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)
- Name of accused
- Aloys Ntabakuze
- Charges
- Ntabakuze had been charged with sexual violence crimes: i.e. conspiracy to commit genocide, genocide, complicity in genocide, rape as a crime against humanity, persecution as a crime against humanity, other inhumane acts as a crime against humanity, violence to health and to the physical or mental well-being of civilians as a violation of Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and of Additional Protocol II as a war crime and outrages upon personal dignity, in particular humiliating and degrading treatment, rape and indecent assault as a violation of Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and of Additional Protocol II as a war crime under Article 6(3) (command responsibility) for: (i) rapes, sexual assaults and other crimes of a sexual nature committed against Tutsi women and girls throughout Rwanda, including at the secondary nursing school in Kabgayi, in Gitarama prefecture;(ii) the sexual assault of Prime Minister Agathe Uwilingiyimana
- Trial chamber verdict
- Ntabakuze was found not guilty for the sexual violence crimes under these counts by the Trial Chamber (on 18 December 2008).
- sentencing
- Ntabakuze was given a sentence of 35 years’ imprisonment on 8 May 2012 (for other charges).
- Appeals chamber verdict
- The acquittal for the sexual violence was not appealed by the Prosecution.
- Status
- 2715
- Case number
- ICTR-98-41
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