Sexual Crimes in Conflict Database

A collection of relevant literature and case law

Showing 11 to 20 of 46 results.

  • Jurisprudence judicial mechanism

    SCSL - Augustine Gbao (Sesay et al. "RUF")

    Year
    2009
    Issues
    Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes Achievements and Challenges of Sexual Violence Prosecution
    Country
    Sierra Leone
    Keywords
    Sexual Slavery Forced Marriage AFRC RUF Lack of Consent Joint Criminal Enterprise (JCE) Rape

    Reference link
    http://www.rscsl.org/RUF.html
    Type of mechanism
    Hybrid court
    Name of mechanism
    Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL)
    Name of accused
    Augustine Gbao
    Charges
    - Rape as a crime against humanity under Article 6(1) (JCE) for the rapes committed in Koidu Town, Bumpeh, Tombodu, Penduma, Bomboafuidu, Sawao and Wendedu in Kono District.- Sexual slavery as a crime against humanity and other inhumane acts as crimes against humanity under Article 6(1) (JCE) for the crimes of sexual slavery and forced marriages committed in Koidu Town and Wendedu in Kono District and in locations in Kailahun District.- Outrages upon personal dignity as a violation of Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and of Additional Protocol II as war crimes under Article 6(1) (direct responsibility) (JCE) for the crimes of rapes, sexual slavery and forced marriages committed in Koidu Town, Bumpeh, Tombodu, Penduma, Bomboafuidu, Sawao and Wendedu in Kono District and in locations in Kailahun District.- Acts of terrorism as a violation of Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and of Additional Protocol II as war crimes under Article 6(1) (direct responsibility) (JCE) for sexual violence crimes committed in Kailahun District.
    Trial chamber verdict
    Gbao was found guilty by the Trial Chamber on 2 March 2009 of:- Rape as a crime against humanity - Sexual slavery as a crime against humanity and other inhumane acts as crimes against humanity - Outrages upon personal dignity as a violation of Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and of Additional Protocol II as war crimes - Acts of terrorism as a violation of Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and of Additional Protocol II as war crimes
    sentencing
    Gbao was sentenced to 25 years’ imprisonment on 26 October 2009.
    Appeals chamber verdict
    The convictions were upheld by the Appeals Chamber on 26 October 2009.
    Status
    2715
    Case number
    SCSL-04-15

  • Jurisprudence judicial mechanism

    SCSL - Alex Tamba Brima (Brima et al. "AFRC")

    Year
    2008
    Issues
    Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes Modes of Liability
    Country
    Sierra Leone
    Keywords
    Forced Marriage Sexual Slavery Consent AFRC Duplicity of Charges Consent-Children Jus Cogens

    Reference link
    http://www.rscsl.org/AFRC.html
    Type of mechanism
    Hybrid court
    Name of mechanism
    Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL)
    Name of accused
    Alex Tamba Brima
    Charges
    - Rape as a crime against humanity under Article 6(3) (command responsibility) - Outrages upon personal dignity as a violation of Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and of Additional Protocol II as a war crime under Article 6(1) (direct responsibility) (planning the commission) for the crimes of rapes and sexual slavery committed in Bombali District and the Western Area. - Acts of terrorism as a violation of Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and of Additional Protocol II as a war crime and collective punishment as a violation of Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and of Additional Protocol II as a war crime under Article 6(3) (command responsibility) for rapes and sexual slavery in Bombali District and the Western Area. - Sexual slavery and any other form of sexual violence as crimes against humanity or other inhumane acts as crimes against humanity under Articles 6(1) and 6(3).
    Trial chamber verdict
    Brima was found guilty by the Trial Chamber on 20 June 2007 of:- Rape as a crime against humanity and outrages upon personal dignity as a violation of Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and of Additional Protocol II as a war crime- Acts of terrorism as a violation of Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and of Additional Protocol II as a war crime and collective punishment as a violation of Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and of Additional Protocol II as a war crime Brima was found not guilty by the Trial Chamber of:- Sexual slavery and any other form of sexual violence as crimes against humanity or other inhumane acts as crimes against humanity under Articles 6(1) and 6(3).
    sentencing
    Brima was sentenced to 50 years’ imprisonment on 22 February 2008.
    Appeals chamber verdict
    The Appeals Chamber confirmed on 22 February 2008 the sexual violence convictions entered by the Trial Chamber.
    Status
    2715
    Case number
    SCSL-04-16

  • Literature

    Park, Augustine S.J. - Other Inhumane Acts...

    Year
    2006
    Issues
    Sexual Violence against Children Achievements and Challenges of Sexual Violence Prosecution Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes
    Country
    Sierra Leone
    Keywords
    Child Soldiers, Girls Forced Marriage Child Soldiers, Sexual Purposes Prosecution Human Rights Abuses/Violations

    Reference link
    https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/16804049/Other_Inhumane_Acts.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1548936099&Signature=nl1rmvLtxeb7muvESP%2Fd7Pvx%2FEE%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DOther_Inhumane_Acts_Forced_Marriage_Girl.pdf
    Full reference
    Park, Augustine S.J., "‘Other Inhumane Acts’: Forced Marriage, Girl Soldiers and the Special Court for Sierra Leone", in Social Legal Studies, 2006, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 315-337.
    Type of literature
    Journal Article
    Research focus
    Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes
    Author
    Park, Augustine S.J.
    Type of mechanism
    Hybrid court
    Name of mechanism
    Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL), The Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission

  • Literature

    O’Brien - Don’t Kill Them, Let’s Choose Them as Wives...

    Issues
    Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes
    Country
    Former Yugoslavia, Sierra Leone, Cambodia, Germany, Japan
    Keywords
    Forced Marriage Forced Prostitution Isolation

    Reference link
    https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/39739267/OBrien-_Forced_Marriage___Sexual_Slavery_IJHR_Online_First_2015.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1548934923&Signature=T6P6uzQhTF4nvzCOBvLiybBFrQk%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DDont_kill_them_lets_choose_them_as_wive.pdf
    Full reference
    O’Brien, Melanie, "‘Don’t Kill Them, Let’s Choose Them as Wives’: The Development of the Crimes of Forced Marriage, Sexual Slavery and Enforced Prostitution in International Criminal Law", The International Journal of Human Rights, vol. 20, no. 3, 2015, pp. 1-21.
    Type of literature
    Journal Article
    Research focus
    Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes
    Author
    O’Brien, Melanie
    Type of mechanism
    International Criminal Tribunal/Court, Military Tribunal, Hybrid court
    Name of mechanism
    International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL), Extraordinary Chambers of the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC), Nuremberg Trials, International Military Tribunal For The Far East (IMTFE)

  • Literature

    Oosterveld, Valerie – Gender-Based Crimes against Humanity

    Year
    2011
    Issues
    Achievements and Challenges of Sexual Violence Prosecution Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes

    Reference link
    http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1885721
    Full reference
    Valerie Oosterveld, “Gender-Based Crimes against Humanity”, in Leila N. Sadat (ed.), Forging a Convention for Crimes against Humanity, Cambridge University Press, 2011, pp. 78-101.
    Type of literature
    Chapter in Book
    Research focus
    Investigation, Prosecution and Prevention of Conflict related Sexual Violence, Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes, Obstacles to Establish Accountability for Sexual Violence Crimes
    Author
    Oosterveld, Valerie

  • Literature

    Oosterveld, Valerie - Gender and the Charles Taylor Case...

    Year
    2012
    Issues
    Achievements and Challenges of Sexual Violence Prosecution Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes Modes of Liability
    Country
    Sierra Leone
    Keywords
    Sexual Slavery Forced Marriage Outrages upon Personal Dignity Responsibility Enslavement

    Reference link
    https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1110&context=lawpub
    Full reference
    Oosterveld, Valerie, "Gender and the Charles Taylor Case at the Special Court for Sierra Leone", in Wm. & Mary J. Women & L., 2012-2013, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 7-33.
    Type of literature
    Journal Article
    Research focus
    Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes
    Author
    Oosterveld, Valerie
    Type of mechanism
    Hybrid court
    Name of mechanism
    Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL)

  • Literature

    Oosterveld, Valerie - Forced Marriage and the Special Court for Sierra Leone

    Year
    2011
    Issues
    Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes
    Country
    Sierra Leone
    Keywords
    Forced Marriage Inhuman Treatment Enslavement Crimes Against Humanity International Criminal Law

    Reference link
    https://brill.com/abstract/journals/ihls/2/1/article-p127_4.xml
    Full reference
    Oosterveld, Valerie, "Forced Marriage and the Special Court for Sierra Leone: Legal Advances and Conceptual Difficulties", in International Humanitarian Legal Studies, 2011, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 127-158.
    Type of literature
    Journal Article
    Research focus
    Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes
    Author
    Oosterveld, Valerie
    Type of mechanism
    Hybrid court
    Name of mechanism
    Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL)

  • Literature

    Oosterveld, Valerie - Forced Marriage During Conflict and Mass Atrocity

    Year
    2018
    Issues
    Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes
    Country
    Sierra Leone, Cambodia
    Keywords
    Forced Marriage International Criminal Law

    Reference link
    http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/abstract/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199300983.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199300983-e-19?rskey=ylTliS&result=1
    Full reference
    Valerie Oosterveld, “Forced Marriage During Conflict and Mass Atrocity”, in Fionnuala Ní Aoláin, Naomi Cahn, Dina Francesca Haynes, and Nahla Valji (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Gender and Conflict, Oxford University Press, 2018, pp. 240-252.
    Type of literature
    Chapter in Book
    Research focus
    Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes
    Author
    Oosterveld, Valerie
    Type of mechanism
    Hybrid court
    Name of mechanism
    Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL), Extraordinary Chambers of the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC)

  • Literature

    Mibenge, Chiseche S. - Sex and International Tribunals...

    Year
    2013
    Issues
    Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes
    Country
    Rwanda, Sierra Leone
    Keywords
    Forced Marriage Sexual Slavery Impartiality Universality Prosecution Feminist Approach Mass Rape

    Reference link
    https://muse.jhu.edu/book/24977#info_wrap
    Full reference
    Mibenge, Chiseche Salome, Sex and International Tribunals: The Erasure of Gender from the War Narrative, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013.
    Type of literature
    Book
    Research focus
    Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes
    Author
    Mibenge, Chiseche S.
    Type of mechanism
    International Criminal Tribunal/Court, Truth Commission
    Name of mechanism
    International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), The Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL)

  • Literature

    Kramer, Sophie - Forced Marriage and the Absence of Gang Rape

    Year
    2012
    Issues
    Socio-cultural Context of Sexual Violence
    Country
    Uganda
    Keywords
    Gang Rape Forced Marriage Soldiers Sexual War Violence Attack against a Civilian Population

    Reference link
    https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8QC01G1
    Full reference
    Kramer, Sophie, "Forced Marriage and the Absence of Gang Rape: Explaining Sexual Violence by the Lord’s Resistance Army in Northern Uganda", in The Journal of Politics and Society, 2012, vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 11-49.
    Type of literature
    Journal Article
    Research focus
    Causality, Functionality and Logic of Conflict-related Sexual Violence
    Author
    Kramer, Sophie

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